In inflammatory state, binding of endorphins to the receptors on peripheral nerves results in inhibition of substance p, a neurotransmitter of pain and inflammation and also by production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, IL-18, and IFN-γ.Ĭhronic psychological stress induced release of CRH from hypothalamus activates HPA-axis through ANS release neuropeptides such as cortisol,nor-adrenalin, and ACTH activates IL-1 β, TNF-α,IL-6 & COX-2 inflammatory mediators, which activates NF-KB,STAT-3,a key transcription factors involved in chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease, and cancer. in inflammatory state recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation by chemokine’s produce endorphins involved in suppression of inflammation by affecting recruitment of leukocytes, affecting immune cells attachment to endothelium by affecting cell adhesion molecules expression.
Most of all immune cells produced endorphins. Beta-endorphins are abundant endorphins, synthesized & stored in the anterior pituitary gland, more potent than morphine it is a precursor of pomc (Proopiomelanocortin).
There are three types of endorphins such as Beta-endorphins, enkepalins & dynorpins binds to mu, kappa & delta receptors located on nervous system and immune cells. Endodorphins are endogenous morphine, neuropeptides produced in the pituitary gland in response to stress and pain.